The founding of the Republic ushered in the first unified government that was recognized as representing all Umbrians. The cornerstone of this new global governing body was the Constitution, a document outlining the rights and duties of Umbria's citizens and the manner and structure of planetary governance.

The Colonial Affairs Commission, or CAC, is a panel established by the Senate to oversee the development of Umbria's colonies and administer the various bodies that have been created to support those efforts. Its members are made up of senators and civilian appointments in equal parts, with a strong preference for those with the appropriate knowledge and experience needed to aid the Commission in its work.

Each habitable world in the Republic is represented by at least one Senator. Elected to a six year term of service, these men and women are responsible for speaking on behalf of their population's needs and preferences in the Republic's legislative body, the Senate. Amongst the most influential and important individuals in the Republic, the competition for these positions is cutthroat, and once elected, many will stop at nothing to maintain their power.

While political parties are expressly forbidden under the Republic's constitution, factionalism within the Senate can and does occur, taking a number of different forms. The two most common are the grouping of senators in support of a specific policy or proposal and Triumvir-centric influence groups.